Mechanical Plasticity Model

Plasticity model is functions of strain, strain rate, temperature, carbon, and microstructure phase.
The DANTE Mechanical Plasticity Model utilizes nonlinear multiple phase mixture law.
Effective for stress reversal during quench hardening and service.
Yield stress is different with stress reversal (Bauschinger) Effect, which requires kinematic hardening (DANTE Mechanical Model)
Constitutive equation considers the effect of carbides.

Stress Reversal during Quench Hardening

During quench hardening, stress happens with the nonlinear effects of thermal stress, phase transformation stress, and geometric effect.
Stress reversal may also happen to parts in service (fatigue with R < 0)
Mechanical model with kinematic hardening is required to model the different yield behavior (Bauschinger Effect).
DANTE uses Internal State variable (ISV) model with kinematic hardening.

Kinematic Hardening Model with Bauschinger Effect

Yield stress with work hardening in one direction decreases when unload, and load in opposite direction (Bauschinger effect).
Figure on the right is a reverse loading stress-strain curve plotted using DANTE ISV model.
Traditional effective strain model can not effectively describe this phenonmenon.

Effective Mechanical Model to Describe Strains

DANTE mechanical model is effective to describe the various strains during heat treatment.

Accurate description of strains is necessary for residual stress and distortion modeling.

The type of strains considered in the DANTE material models include:
- Thermal strain
- Strain for austenitizing
- Strain from austenite decomposing
- Strain from martensite temper, carbide precipitation and coarsening
- Strain from adding carbon/carbide, nitrogen/nitridie during carburizing or nitriding processes
- Strain from stress relaxation and creeping

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tools for heat treatment modeling

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