Publications

Heat Treatment Process Exploration with HTP Sim

Heat treatment recipes consist of several processing steps developed to meet part specifications. Those in industry must have knowledge of a variety of factors that influence heat treat outcomes such as the effects of different process steps, material har

October 21, 2025

Understanding Principles of Quench Distortion of Carburizing Steel Parts using a Single Side Carburized Almen Strip and Computer Modeling

Quench hardening of steel components is a complex problem because multiple factors are involved in the process, including the part geometry, quench uniformity and phase transformations, etc.

May 6, 2025

Sources of Heat Treatment Distortion and Approaches for Distortion Reduction during Quench Hardening Process

Heat treatment of steels is a process of modifying the mechanical properties by solid-state phase transformations or microstructural changes through heating and cooling. The material volume changes with phase transformations, which is one of the main sour

September 30, 2024

Modeling Alloy Carbide Formation and Coarsening during High-temperature Tempering of Ferrium C64 Steel

High-alloy steels, like Ferrium C64, are used in powertrain components due to their corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance properties. These steels undergo a tempering temperature that is well above traditional steel, and during this process

September 30, 2024

Materials Model Development for AA6061 Aluminum

Aluminum alloy 6061 (AA6061) is widely used in industry due to its excellent formability, corrosion resistance, weldability, and strong mechanical properties after heat treatment. AA6061 is hardened through precipitation of alloying elements that act as b

October 18, 2023

Integrated Heat-Treatment Simulation with Virtual Inspection of Distorted Gears

Heat-treatment simulation is a powerful tool for gear design and process troubleshooting, but many times the predicted gear distortion is difficult to compare to physical gear measurements and to required specification charts or measurements. To help ease

October 18, 2023

Process Design for Induction Hardening of a Steel Work Roll using Simulation

Work rolls used in the rolling of steel billets are generally made of high-hardenability chromium alloy steel and must be heat treated prior to entering service to ensure a sufficiently hard working surface. In combination with a hard surface, the roll sh

June 21, 2022

Modeling the Effect of Chemistry Changes on Phase Transformation Timing, Hardness, and Distortion in Carburized 8620 Gear Steel

AISI 8620 low carbon steel is widely used due to its relatively low cost and excellent case hardening properties. The nominal chemistry of AISI 8620 can have a large range, affecting the phase transformation timing and final hardness of a carburized case.

September 14, 2021

Causes of Distortion during HPGQ Process of Steel Parts

Quench hardening is a necessary process for improving the mechanical and fatigue performance of load bearing steel components, but liquid quenching can lead to large distortions. High pressure gas quenching is becoming a more popular choice, with the assu

October 19, 2019

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