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Heat Treatment Process Exploration with HTP Sim
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10/21/2025
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Jason Meyer, Stefan Habean, and Eddy Lee
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Simulation and Process Modeling
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Furnace Heating, Quenching, Tempering, and Low Pressure Carburization
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Modeling Alloy Carbide Formation and Coarsening during High-temperature Tempering of Ferrium C64 Steel
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09/30/2024
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Jason Meyer and Zhichao (Charlie) Li
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Alloy Carbide, Coarsening, Ferrium C64, Hardness, Modeling, and Residual Stress
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Austenitizing, Carburization, High Pressure Gas Quench, HPGQ, Double Deep Freeze, and Tempering
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Sources of Heat Treatment Distortion and Approaches for Distortion Reduction during Quench Hardening Process
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09/30/2024
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Zhichao (Charlie) Li, B. Lynn Ferguson, Edward Lee, Stefan Habean, and Jason Meyer
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Distortion, Modeling, Simulation, Displacement, Martensite, Phase Volume Fraction, and Carbon Profile
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Quenching, Furnace Heating, Stepped Furnace Heating, LPC, and Low Pressure Carburization
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Integrated Heat-Treatment Simulation with Virtual Inspection of Distorted Gears
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10/17/2023
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Justin Sims and Alfonso Fuentes-Aznar
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Gear, Inspection, and Slope Deviation
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Carburization, Quenching, and Tempering
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Modeling the Effect of Chemistry Changes on Phase Transformation Timing, Hardness, and Distortion in Carburized 8620 Gear Steel
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09/14/2021
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Jason Meyer, Stefan Habean, Dan Londrico, and Justin Sims
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Heat treatment, Steel metallurgy, Fatigue, Residual Stress, Model Validation, Hardness Profile, Retained Austenite, and Microstructure
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LPC, Low pressure carburization, and Oil Quench
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Low Pressure Carburizing Cycle Determination for High Alloy Steels
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06/05/2018
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Zhichao Li, B. Lynn Ferguson, Tianyu Yu, and Justin Sims
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Heat treatment, Steel metallurgy, High Alloy Steel, Pyrowear 53, Pyrowear 675, and Ferrium C64
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LPC, Low pressure carburization, and Gas Carburization
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Minimizing Distortion During HPGQ Processes
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01/01/2018
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Zhichao Li and B. Lynn Ferguson
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HPGQ, Steel Distortion, Residual Stress, Microstructure, C64 Steel, and Bending Fatigue
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Carburization, High Pressure Gas Quench, Dante Controlled Gas Quench, Deep Freeze, and Temper
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Solving Critical Heat Treatment Challenges with Practical Process Modeling
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10/24/2017
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Justin Sims, Tianyu Yu, Charlie Li, and Lynn Ferguson
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Computer modeling, Heat treatment challenges, Quench cracking, Press quench tooling design, Carbide formation, Radial Displacement, and Residual Stress
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Induction hardening, Press quench, Low pressure carburization, Gas Carburization, and Oil Quench
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Sources of Distortion Study during Quench Hardening using Computer Modeling
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10/24/2017
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Zhichao Li, Lynn Ferguson, Justin Sims, and Tianyu Yu
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Steel Distortion, AISI 9310 bevel gear, Heat Treatment Modeling, Phase Transformation Model, Steel Deformation, Stress, and Residual Stress
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Gas Carburization, Oil Quench, and Immersion Quench
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Residual Stress and Bending Fatigue Strength in Carburized and Quench Hardened Pyrowear 53 Steel Gears
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04/18/2016
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B. Lynn Ferguson, Andrew M. Freborg, and Zhichao Li
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residual stress, bending fatigue, Pyrowear 53, bending fatigue test, residual stress measurement, steel gear, and modeling
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vacuum (low-pressure) carburization, subcritical anneal, oil quench, intensive quench, deep freeze, and double temper
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Enhanced Surface Residual Compression of Carburized Steel Parts Using Laser Peening Process with Preload
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06/09/2014
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Zhichao (Charlie) Li and B. Lynn Ferguson
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surface residual stress, X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement, carburized AISI 9310 steel, Johnson-Cook, four-point bending fatigue test, residual stress model validation, laser peening model, fatigue loading model, and Strain
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gas carburization, oil quench hardening, and laser peening
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Modeling the Effect of Carburization and Quenching on the Development of Residual Stresses and Bending Fatigue Resistance of Steel Gears
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07/24/2012
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Zhichao Li, Andrew M. Freborg, Bruce D. Hansen, and T.S. Srivatsan
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bending fatigue, carburized Pyrowear 53 gear, residual stress, process modeling, single tooth bending load model, and dynamic contact stress analysis
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low pressure carburization, oil quench hardening, cryogenic treatment/deep freeze, and double temper
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Assessing Heat Treatment Distortion Sensitivity
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09/17/2007
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Andrew Freborg, Zhichao Li, and Lynn Ferguson
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Distortion sensitivity, Process sensitivity, Hardness Profile, Residual Stress Profile, Microstructure, and Pyrowear 53 Steel
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Carburization, Austenitizing, Intensive quench, Oil quench, and Deep freeze
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Experiment and Simulation of Heat Treatment Results of C-Ring Test Specimen
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Download PDF
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01/01/2006
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Zhichao Li, B. Lynn Ferguson, Xichen Sun, and Peter Bauerle
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Carburized AISI 8620 steel, C-Ring test specimen, model validation, residual stress measurement, carbon profile prediction, hardness profile prediction, residual stress prediction, carbon profile measurement, hardness profile measurement, and phase transformation prediction
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gas carburization, oil quench, and temper
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Predicting the Heat-Treat Response of a Carburized Helical Gear
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12/01/2002
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Lynn Ferguson, Andrew Freborg, Greg Petrus, and Melvin Callabresi
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5120 helical gear, Modeling and simulation, Process simulation, Martensite, Deformation, and Distortion
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Carburization, Salt quench, and Air cool
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